Showing posts with label Syria. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Syria. Show all posts

December 20, 2011

Arab World Diasporas in Historical Perspective - Panel at CCAS Annual Conference, Georgetown University, 2011

In March, I had the privilege to speak on a panel with a group of distinguished historians at Georgetown University. I spoke about my research into Sheikh al-Amin Mazrui and his project of Islamic reform through the Swahili-Arabic newspaper "al-Islah". Here is the full panel:

2011 Symposium - Arabia to Africa: Reassessing the Omani Trade Diaspora in East Africa, 1861-1920 from Georgetown CCAS on Vimeo.



2011 Symposium - Reimagining Communities: Sheikh al-Amin Mazrui, al-Islah and Transnational Arab Muslim Identity in Kenya, 1897- from Georgetown CCAS on Vimeo.



2011 Symposium - Syrian Migrants to the Colonial Philippines, 1880s to 1940s from Georgetown CCAS on Vimeo.



2011 Symposium - A World of Their Own: Algerian Diaspora and the Making of Algerian Nationalism from Georgetown CCAS on Vimeo.

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March 2, 2009

Reshaping Muslim World Narratives?

The Rand Corporation is working up a new proposal to 'reshape Muslim world narratives'. This proposal states that the basic problem of Muslim countries is the narrative they possess (that is, the life story that contributes to their identity) is basically 'hostile' and 'violent'. Thus RAND's project " aims to develop national social and historical narratives that can enhance positive cohesion in Muslim world nations." According to the briefing:

"The benefits of such an outcome are obvious. A narrative of this kind can help these societies clarify common goals and direction. It can lend sense' to tragic events of the near and distant past. It can lay the foundation for reconciliation and shared national identity. It can address the deficit of dignity and pride that many believe are at the heart of the current anger and violence emanating from the region."

The author of the briefing is impressed with the US narrative, because it:

"allows each member of society, regardless of which side his or ancestors were on, to identify with all sides of a past conflict--with those who suffered an injustice, with those who were a party to injustice, with the losing side, with the winning side—while still embracing the outcome as the right thing to have happened. Additionally, those whose ancestors were not involved can still identify with the broad themes of unjust suffering, courageous resistance, social advancement, and progress towards greater justice."

So basically there are no losers in the US narrative, only winners, because the US always moves forward in the spirit of justice. While this is, at best, insulting to the thousands of activists who gave their lives in order to make justice a reality for the oppressed and poor of the United States, it is also symptomatic of the false historical narrative of American exceptionalism which we as a nation still believe in (most of us). And the RAND would like to export this model:

"In Phase I, a team of historians, educators, media experts, and political analysts will disassemble the American narrative, identifying the essential components of the narrative, including its themes, catalytic events, and integrative techniques, and create a neutral template from these for application to other nations."

This is the sort of dangerous cultural hubris that should be avoided, not encouraged in US foreign policy. The problem is not the narrative; Arabs are not idiots, and they are quite capable of crafting a resonant historical narrative given the opportunity. I seriously doubt they require the assistance of a special US project. And from the little traveling I have done, residents of these countries are quite capable on the whole, of separating US policy from US citizens.

Perhaps I am misinterpreting the intent of the project, but it seems to me that the real purpose of this project, is to get those who are clear that the US is responsible for a great many of their security issues (i.e. in the targeted nations of Syria, Egypt, and Iraq) to stop thinking of the US as an invader and more as a trusted ally. But you cannot change the facts on the ground. No amount of narrative re-shaping can undo the chaos the US has left in the wake of not one, but two invasions of majority Muslim countries in the past eight years.

Instead, US foreign policy should start from the premise that people are quite capable of crafting their own positive narrative, which will place the US in a constellation of relationships with other nations, IF the US will stop playing carrot-and-stick with Syria, stop propping up the corrupt Mubarak regime, and end the Iraqi occupation. Trying to cram false positivity into an explosive situation will most assuredly have an adverse effect: the US will be seen (correctly) as engaging in cultural propaganda and this will embolden reactionary regimes even further.





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November 11, 2008

Ummayad Mosque in StereoVision

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November 10, 2008

Pity The Nation


Pity the Nation

Pity the nation that is full of beliefs and emty of religion.
Pity the nation that wears a cloth it does not weave, eats a bread it does not harvest, and drinks a wine that flows not from its own wine-press.
Pity the nation that acclaims the bull as hero, and that deems the glittering conqueror bountiful.
Pity the nation whose statesman is a fox, whose philosopher is a juggler, and whose art is the art of patching and mimicking.
Pity the nation whose sages are dumb with years and whose strong men are yet in the cradle.

Khalil Gibran
The garden of the Prophet (1934)

Robert Fisk's journalistic account of the Lebanese Civil War is rightly praised as a chillingly accurate account of Lebanese civil war. The book actually works on three levels: as a history of the major events and players in the fifteen-year conflict, a personal account of one journalist's experience and feelings as his world and his city (Beirut) collapsed around him, and as a commentary on how the media covers the Middle East. It is this last level which I found to be the most interesting. Fisk, one of those 'super-journalists' who get to write books and appear on panels, and whose writing and reporting commands international respect, savagely critiques the failure and cowardice of the media as it falls back on loaded words and lopsided analysis in order to compensate for its lack of courage and critical insight. Fisk writes:
"The art--or craft--of reporting in Lebanon was being debased by a style of writing that reduced complex and tragic events to a common denominator which both insulted the victims and mocked their suffering. Television journalism, with its dependence on the image, its subordination of words to pictures, contributed to this process. So did radio journalism, especially in America where a 35-second time limit is normally imposed on each foreign report. The news agencies--which catered for radio and television as well as newspapers--helped to create the unreal world in which the crisis was framed. I began to suspect that the cliches that governed so many reports and headlines about Lebanon actively hindered our task to telling the truth about what was happenning there."
Some examples: Syrian weapons were always described as "Soviet-made", while Israeli or Phalangist weapons were never described as "American-made". Israel "captured" people, while Hezbollah and the PLO "kidnapped" them, and Israel-occupied Lebanon was described as a "security zone." Fisk also has an excellent section on the use and abuse of the word "terror" and "terrorism", that helps contextualize much of the current overheated rhetoric on this misunderstood concept. For if it is terrorism for Palestinians to fire rockets over the border at Israeli civilians, then surely it is terrorism when Israel bombs entire apartment buildings, killing everyone inside. Surely it is terrorism when the US incurs over the Syrian border chasing an al-Qaeda operative and kills civilians in a village. Fisk and other journalists on the ground in Beirut actually began to refuse to use the word in their reports. Better to call an "attack" simply an "attack" and avoid the emotional bias of the word "terror" as a descriptor.
I could go on with insightful examples from this remarkable book. But instead, you yourself, should go out and get a cheap copy and read it.

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November 9, 2008

More From Damascus

Returned to Beirut on Thursday night and spent Friday afternoon on the hills above Damascus, watching the sun go down over the city, and Saturday morning visiting the tomb of Seyyida Zeinab, the granddaughter of Hussein in a neighborhood with a lot of Iraqis. Graham and I were talking, wondered why all these Shi'a monuments were in Damascus, as opposed to say Kerbala. Then we noticed some short guy following us around the masjid and staring. Maybe he was some low-level Intel dude, intent on getting a big score. I greeted him but he stared at me icily. In the market, I bought a ring from a guy at the souq who gave me the passive-aggressive "ahlan wa sahlan," indicating that I should hurry up and do my business and move on. But these two were the ONLY incidents during my visit where people were even remotely NOT polite. And this was following an illegal border raid into Syria by the US government. It amazes me the degree to which people can readily seperate the actions of governments from the actions of people.
















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November 3, 2008

سوريّØ© ‎(Syria)

The Christian and old Jewish quarters








The Ummayad Mosque






Hussein's head is supposedly in here:





John the Baptist's head is supposedly in here





A street called straight...from Acts 9:11

Shi'a Shrine for Hussein's daughter (Sayyida Ruqaya)




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